Communities of Practice (CoP) im Internet

SOS. Colleague in trouble – or permanent trouble in the office? Online communities of practice (CoP) as a possible area for competence learning? Definition Online communities of practice (CoP): „Communities of practice are a specific kind of community. They are focused on a domain of knowledge and over time accumulate expertise in this domain. They develop their shared practice by interacting over problems, solutions, and Study design: insights, and building a common store of knowledge.” (Wenger, 2004) Competence conducive Case study of the profession-related Online Community "sekretaria.de" potential: Emotional tone Online CoPs fulfil simultaneous multifarious confused functions: Content analysis of formal aspects in the • Working together on a common assignment (production function). online-based interaction and communication profession-method • Maintenance of the internal structure of the community (group well-being). competence of selected threads; (e.g. response time; time • Support of individual members (member support) of contribution during the course of the day; The social context is therefore indispensable. levels of participation) The inducements of learning in Online CoPs for and in the working process are • realized problems How does the processes of Content analysis of textual aspects in the • assignments which can not sole be solved by the existing skills, knowledge, experiences and values. competence learning look like? onlinebased interaction and communication of selected threads. • Self-organised acting demands decision-making under The social-informell relationships in Online CoPs support the process of cognitive uncertainty. Knowledge and skills are not sufficient competence learning. The respected and helpful atmosphere in the group for solving open, complex and not well-known situations. advances the emotional and valueorientated dialogue. Online CoPs offer an Characteristics of the situations, • These situations require an assessment of available skills, anonymous shelter, which also allows to share socially undesired problems. illustrated in the initial contribution. knowledge and the situation at hand. • Values play an important role by providing guidance an open complex and not well-known situations. Support • Emotional irritation situation support the internalisation of values. These situations contain a high level of conflict Competence- and metacompetence-orientated communication in statements of each contribution. in the focus of the study and affect the participant emotionally. profession-method competence • Competence-orientated support, divided into four basic competences (Erpenbeck, 2004): Emotional status of the initiator in her Emotional tone 1) Personal competence unfolds the self-reflexion of an acting person. first contribution and her reaction to the Hope 2) decision-making-/responsibility unfolds the willingness of person to contribution of other members. achieve acceptance in different situations. 3) social-communicative-competence refer to associate with people. 4) profession-method-competence relate to persons and objects out of Social-communicative the personal social context. competence Emotional irritation of the initiator • Metacompetence-orientated support implies all state- regarding the contributions of the ments about competence, needs of competence; requirements of competence and other members. professionell self-image or image that others in organisational and social context do perceive. For the appraisal of the emotional tone the Geneva Affect Label personal Coder (GALC; differs between 36 categories of emotions) will be Emotional tone competence applied (Scherer 2005).

„SOS. Colleague in trouble - or permanent trouble in the office?“ Profession-related online communities of practice (CoP) as a possible area for competence learning? Anja Johanning, MMB Institute Christina Rautenstrauch, University Duisburg-Essen 22.März 2006 GOR: Session 20: Knowledge Sharing in Online Groups II sponsored by Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung und aus Mitteln des Europäischen Sozialfonds Online Communities of Practice - Definition A community of practice is not just a website or a library; it involves people who interact and who develop relationships that enable them to address problems and share knowledge and to be more than just a personal network. „Every group that shares interest on a website is called a community today, but communities of practice are a specific kind of community. They are focused on a domain of knowledge and over time accumulate expertise in this domain. They develop their shared practice by interacting over problems, solutions, and insights, and building a common store of knowledge.” Most communities of practice used the internet to share knowledge. Quellen: vgl. Döring 2003: 8; 506 und Bullinger 2002: 14 22.März 2006 GOR: Session 20: Knowledge Sharing in Online Groups II sponsored by Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung und aus Mitteln des Europäischen Sozialfonds Characteristics of virtuality and communication in online communities Channel reduction /Written language Anonymity/pseudonymity Coherency of discussion-threads Antisocial behaviour Flexibility in time and space in asynchronous communication Different options 22.März 2006 GOR: Session 20: Knowledge Sharing in Online Groups II sponsored by Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung und aus Mitteln des Europäischen Sozialfonds Competences and performance Competences are skills and the readiness of social systems to solve complex problems on their own. It is not possible to solve the problem with routine. (Erpenbeck 2004). Competences are partly observable in doing concrete actions (vgl. Reglin 2004). There are four types of competences: personal, social- communicative, activity and profession/methodology. These competences are differentiated in 16 sub competences. 22.März 2006 GOR: Session 20: Knowledge Sharing in Online Groups II sponsored by Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung und aus Mitteln des Europäischen Sozialfonds Processes of competence learning in profession- related online communities Self-organised acting demands decision-making under cognitive uncertainty. Knowledge and skills are not sufficient for solving open, complex and not well-known situations. In these situations require an asseccment of available skills, knowledge and the situation at hand. Values play an important role by providing guidance an open complex and not wll known situations. Emotional irritation situation support the internalisation of values . These situations contain a high level of conflict and affect the participant emotionally. 22.März 2006 GOR: Session 20: Knowledge Sharing in Online Groups II sponsored by Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung und aus Mitteln des Europäischen Sozialfonds Methodology Case study of the profession-related Online Community „sekretaria.de“ Content analysis of formal aspects in the online-based interaction and communication of selected threads; (e.g. response time; time of contribution during the course of the day; levels of participation, etc.) Content analysis of textual aspects in the onlinebased interaction and communication of selected threads. Characteristics of the situations, illustrated in the initial contribution. Competence- and metacompetence-orientated communication in statements of each contribution. Emotional status of the initiator in her first contribution and her reaction to the contribution of other members. Emotional irritation of the initiator regarding the contributions of the other members. 22.März 2006 GOR: Session 20: Knowledge Sharing in Online Groups II sponsored by Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung und aus Mitteln des Europäischen Sozialfonds Profile: Online Community of Practice „sekretaria.de“ Age: 5 Years Intention: Exchange of experiences Provider: since 2003 WRS Verlag Wirtschaft, Recht und Steuern GmbH & Co. KG (Haufe Mediagroup) Financial concept: Advertisement; contentintegration; Cross-financial income: sellings of printproducts; premium offers for members Access: Reading without registration is possible; Posting only with registration Members: 23337 registered users (office manager; (Status 07. Feb.06) secretaries) Rate of members (v. 30. Aug.05 - 07.Feb.06): 3063 Netiquette: not defined URL: http://www.sekretaria.de 22.März 2006 GOR: Session 20: Knowledge Sharing in Online Groups II sponsored by Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung und aus Mitteln des Europäischen Sozialfonds Topics in the Discussion Board „sekretaria.de“ Groups of Topics Examples Human resources management und Work ours; private e-mail during industrial law worktime; law morale of co-workers; hints for exam preparation and qualification Information and office management Office design, dealing with unsolicited advertising calls Document design Letter design, orthography Economics and business Accounting, travel expense claims Office communication systems Wordprocessing tools, table calculation software, time-scheduling software Others TV, cultural events; regional meetings 22.März 2006 GOR: Session 20: Knowledge Sharing in Online Groups II sponsored by Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung und aus Mitteln des Europäischen Sozialfonds Excerpt of Discussion Board I Emotional Tone: confused Profession-method competence Profession-method Emotional Tone: competence Surprise Social-communicative competence Emotional Tone: GOR: Session 20: Knowledge Sharing in Online Groups II 22.März 2006 shame /blame/hope sponsored by Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung und aus Mitteln des Europäischen Sozialfonds Excerpt of Discussion Board II Profession-method competence Emotional Tone: Hope Social-communicative competence Emotional Tone: Impressive Personal competence 22.März 2006 GOR: Session 20: Knowledge Sharing in Online Groups II sponsored by Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung und aus Mitteln des Europäischen Sozialfonds Content analysis results In online CoPs it is possible to focus on problems of daily work, - ad hoc problems - unresolved problems - socially undesiriable problems Online CoPs offer an area of social interaction - for decision-making - for compensation insecurities - for further development of professional competences and identity - for supplementing and replacing of other strategies - for orientation The community members must transform critical advices, decision- making help and perspectives into the practice! 22.März 2006 GOR: Session 20: Knowledge Sharing in Online Groups II sponsored by Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung und aus Mitteln des Europäischen Sozialfonds Thank you very much for your attention! Sie sind jetzt ausgeloggt! t: Kontak institut .de e mm b- urg-essen.d joha nning@ un i-duisb e ns t rauch@ christina.raut 22.